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Giovanni Marliani
Giovanni Marliani was an Italian physicist, doctor, philosopher and astrologer who was born and lived during the Late Medieval period in northern Italy. Marliani specialised in many mathematical fields and lectured on the phenomenon of natural body heat. He was the first to empirically prove that hot water freezes faster than cold water.
==Biography==
Born in Milan, Lombardy in 1420, Giovanni Marliani was the son of a Milanese noble, Cantello Marliani. Marliani studied medicine under the tutelage of Biagio Peleconi of Parma. Giovanni Marliani became a doctor in 1440 and went on to the Milanese College of Physics where he taught medicine, philosophy, astrology and physics for most of his life. In 1452, Marliani returned to Parma after some time in the Milanese Studio. He was paid 425 florins every three months by the Duke of Milan, Francesco Sforza. With a change in the ruling class of Milan, Marliani's family, who were traditionally Ghibellines (against Papal rule) gained more prestige under the Sforza dynasty. In 1450, he was given a title by the Milanese administration.
After the death of F. Sforza, Geleazzo Maria took over his dealings. Giovanni Marliani was in debt because of his large family. Castello Marliani, his father was nominated for an award in 1450; the 'Razionale della Camera delle entrate Straodinaire ad Laborenos'. However, his father died a year later. Giovanni Marliani was invited by King Ferdinand of Naples to teach in 1467. His pay rose to 1,000 florins a year which was the highest known salary of its kind. Marliani specialised in Mathematics (de Minutus), Fractions (scienta de ponderibus) Velocity, Statistics, and disseminated physics and Medieval logic. 1482 was the height of Marliani's career, during which he attended to the needs of high-profile dignitaries who were associates and allies of the Sforza family.〔
Giovanni Marliani died in 1483 and was buried in Santa Maria delle Grazie church in Milan during the reign of Ludovico il Moro. Incidentally, Leonardo da Vinci is known to have thoroughly studied Marliani's science publications but he didn't always agree with his findings. All of Marliani's assets were passed down to his son Danielle. In 1457, his son was given enough land by the Duke to conduct falconry.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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